Short-term outcomes after primary total mesorectal excision (TME) versus local excision followed by completion TME for early rectal cancer: population-based propensity-matched study.

In addition, when separating groups into one-stage (primary TME) and two-stage (surgical LE only and LE + cTME) approaches, a decreasing trend regarding the one-stage approach can be observed from 2015 onwards (77.7% in 2015 and 56.1% in 2020), as well as an increase in the two-stage approach (22.3% in 2015 and 43.9% in 2020) ( Fig. 5 ).

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The data from 2012 to 2020 reveal an increasing trend in the use of the two-stage approach, but local excision followed by completion total mesorectal excision is associated with a higher risk of end ostomy.

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