a decreasing trendP <0.001
Women with GDM had 1.30 (95% CI : 1.23-1.38) times odds for LGA compared with those without GDM in southern China; however, the neonatal body weight showed a decreasing trend (from 3.224kg in 2012 to 3.134kg in 2021) in women with GDM ( P <0.001), and the prevalence of macrosomia and LGA decreased from 5.1% to 3.0% and 11.8% to 7.7%, respectively, from 2012 to 2021, due to the diabetes self-management ( 20 ).