Modelling energy trilemma and economic growth on renewables in N11 economies: Do economic complexity matter?

While these nations recorded an increasing trend in urban population and average growth rates as shown in Fig. 7 . 4.2 Model specification This study tries to examine the impact of energy trilemma and economic growth on the renewable energy of 11 countries, using ECI, URB and FD from 1990 to 2021 as control variables in reference to the studies of [ 60 , 61 ] and is represented as illustrated in equation (1) .

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