Chlorogenic acid exhibits antitumor effect in patient-derived xenograft models and hydrogel-embedded tissue culture drug susceptibility test of tongue cancer.

In the conducted experiments, the mean tumor weights in the CGA group showed a decreasing trend compared to the Control group, with values of 0.055 g and 0.15 g in experiments No. 1 and No. 2, respectively, as opposed to the control group's 0.36 g and 0.54 g.

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The EGFR-AKT-MMP9 axis plays a highly significant role in mediating this bioactivity, thereby positioning CGA as a promising candidate for further investigation in oncology.

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