highly significantp = 0.001
PCoA and PerMANOVA showed that RBSDV infection had a highly significant effect ( p = 0.001) on the composition of bacterial communities in the rice rhizosphere in all combinations of factors (rhizosphere samples were divided into 12 combinations, i.e., 2 locations × 3 years × 2 developmental stages), and samples were categorized as two clusters in each combination based on the presence or absence of RBSDV infection (Figs. 2 G, H and S3).