The effect of physical activity on depression in university students: the mediating role of self-esteem and positive psychological capital.

On the one hand, the antidepressant effect of physical exercise may not be significant, as evidenced by its inability to significantly predict depression incidence in adolescents or reduce depressive symptoms in adults, potentially due to heterogeneity in the research results stemming from selection bias (Toseeb et al., 2014 ; Camacho et al., 1991 ; Larun et al., 2006 ).

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