A global poleward shift of atmospheric rivers.

S3B); yet both exhibit an increasing trend in extratropical AR frequency (fig.

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This discrepancy between the reanalysis and simulation is also evident in the area-weighted global average DJF AR frequency, where CESM2-LE favors an overall increasing trend, while ERA5 shows notable interdecadal variability with a decreasing trend from 1979 to 2013, followed by an abrupt increase in recent 10 years (fig.

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