The potential adverse effects of hypodermic glucagon-like peptide -1 receptor agonist on patients with type 2 diabetes: A population-based study.

While the elevated incidence risk of intestinal obstruction (>12 months) and renal failure were only observed when compared with the metformin group; In the loxenatide group (Figures 5S and 6S ), only gastritis was found to be statistically significant when compared to both the insulin (sHR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.36–3.93) and metformin groups (sHR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.00–2.66); Moreover, the risks of pancreatitis and acute nephritis approached borderline significance when compared to insulin group and metformin group for the lixisenatide group (Figures 7S and 8S ), Additionally for the semaglutide group (Figures 9S and 10S ), only the renal failure demonstrated significantly increased incidence risks when compared to the metformin group. 4 DISCUSSION GLP‐1 RAs have received significant attention worldwide due to their favorable effects on glycemic and body weight control.

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