highly significantp < 0.01
Differences between means were considered significant for p < 0.05 and highly significant for p < 0.01.
Differences between means were considered significant for p < 0.05 and highly significant for p < 0.01.
Since the 10th day of DSS modeling, all mice groups, except the NC group, showed a decreasing trend in BW, accompanied by symptoms, such as coarse fur, lethargy, diarrhea, bloody stool, and hunched backs, which are consistent with the typical symptoms of colitis reported in the literature [ 43 ].