The Spatiotemporal Variation and Ecological Evaluation of Macroinvertebrate Functional Feeding Groups in the Upper Yellow River.

The Mann–Whitney U test reveals that the average density of collector-filterers in the plain area consistently surpasses that in the gorge area, with highly significant differences observed between the two river sections in July ( Z = −2.271, p = 0.023), while no significant differences were noted in other months.

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