Vitamin C in the Management of Thyroid Cancer: A Highway to New Treatment?

The same authors also reported that radio-induced thyroid tumors during childhood were characterized by significantly increased levels of DUOX1 gene expression compared with normal thyroid tissues, while in sporadic thyroid tumors, the increase in DUOX1 level was borderline significant, identifying DUOX1 as a major source of radio-induced oxidative stress and, as such, capable of promoting genomic instability and inducing TC [ 91 , 112 ].

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These data were confirmed in a subsequent trend analysis that observed a decreasing trend in the incidence of TC from 2014 to 2019 in the US, with the largest reduction in annual percentage changes in individuals with all TC and PTC in 55–69 age groups, women, Black and non-Hispanic ethnicities, the highest socioeconomic status groups, and urban regions [ 29 ].

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