PD-1 and CTLA-4 serve as major gatekeepers for effector and cytotoxic T-cell potentiation by limiting a CXCL9/10-CXCR3-IFNγ positive feedback loop.

The results are very similar to those obtained for CD8+ T cells and include a highly significant increase in CXCR3 expression, about 6-fold following CXCL9-Fc therapy and about 10-fold following CXCL10-Fc therapy ( Figure 6 , a).

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