Melatonin alleviates heat stress-induced spermatogenesis dysfunction in male dairy goats by regulating arachidonic acid metabolism mediated by remodeling the gut microbiota.

A P- value < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference, and a P- value < 0.01 was considered a highly significant reference difference.

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Based on α-diversity analysis using chao1 and Shannon indices, the HS group exhibited a decreasing trend in both indices compared to the NC group, indicating a reduction in the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbiota.

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