Expanding the PD-L1 Paradigm: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Scoring Systems and Additional Biomarkers Influencing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Outcomes in Breast Cancer.

32 , 33 It was found that various immune cells, such as CD3 + CD45 + cells, CD3 + CD4 + Th , CD3 + CD8 + CTL and CD19 + B cells, demonstrated a decreasing trend with age progression, which play an important role in immunotherapy. 34 In advanced breast cancer, our findings indicated that ICIs alone provide no benefit, while their combination with chemotherapy offers a PFS advantage.

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