Unveiling the Hidden Causes: Identifying the Drivers of Human-Elephant Conflict in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, Southern India.

Influence of Tropical Dry-Thorn, Deciduous, and Semi-Evergreen/Evergreen Habitats on HEC The study showed that the extent of deciduous and dry-thorn habitats by and large decreased the HEC, except for human casualties by the latter habitat, which showed a positive trend.

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The property damage and human casualties numerically showed an increasing trend, while elephant electrocution showed a declining trend over the years, but they were not statistically significant ( Figure 3 ). 3.4.

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