Concurrent consumption of cocoa flavanols and caffeine does not acutely modulate working memory and attention.

5 ), there was a marginally significant difference between the placebo ( EMM = 851, SE = 27.9, 95% CI [796–905]) and caffeine ( EMM = 825, SE = 27.9, 95% CI [771–880]) conditions, Z = 2.33, p = 0.092, and between the placebo and the concurrent flavanols and caffeine conditions ( EMM = 826, SE = 27.9, 95% CI [771–880]), Z = 2.30, p = 0.097.

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The outcome can be easily summarized: We found no evidence for any effect related to these substances, apart from a marginal trend towards shorter T2 RT in RSVP due to the ingestion of caffeine.

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