highly significantp < 0.01
Furthermore, the analysis revealed highly significant downregulation in the transcript levels of four key PCGs: COI, COII, COIII, and ND3 genes ( p < 0.01), with mean values of 0.33 ± 0.07, 0.43 ± 0.04, 0.27 ± 0.03, and 0.41 ± 0.04, respectively ( Figure 3 ). 2.2.