Examining the potential causal relationships among smoking behaviors, blood DNA methylation profiles, and the development of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction.

noted a decreasing trend of genomic DNA methylation in atheromatous plaque samples obtained from humans, ApoE −/− mice fed a high-fat diet, and New Zealand rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet, with these changes being associated with the severity of atherosclerosis [ 20 , 21 ].

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