Copy number variants underlie major selective sweeps in insecticide resistance genes in Anopheles arabiensis.

When combining both locations together and including location as a random effect, copy number in Gstd3 reached marginal significance ( P = 0.046) when it was the only fixed effect term in the model, but this significance disappeared when copy number of Cyp6aa1 ( P = 0.0016) was also included, leaving the association of Gstd3 uncertain.

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Starting from the null model, we proceeded by stepwise model building, adding the most highly significant marker at each step until no remaining markers provided a significant improvement.

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