an increasing trendp <0.05
Notably, BV demonstrated an increasing trend across all regions when HDI was not considered ( p <0.05), with African populations experiencing the most pronounced rise ( p <0.001).
Notably, BV demonstrated an increasing trend across all regions when HDI was not considered ( p <0.05), with African populations experiencing the most pronounced rise ( p <0.001).
However, these results are not consistent across the literature, as some research has suggested a decreasing trend [ 26 ].