414 With an increasing trend, its global prevalence varies from 4.6% to 47.6%. 415 An epidemiological report showed that the annual prevalence of DED in the United States tripled in the course of 7 years from 2005 to 2012. 416 Epidemiological studies have identified some risk factors for the development of DED, such as aging, hormonal changes, autoimmune diseases, low humidity, use of contact lenses, alcohol consumption, pollution, computer use, and certain preservatives in topical drugs, 417 may have contributed to the increased prevalence observed for DED.
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82 These variants have also been shown to have a highly significant association with asthma occurring on the basis of AD. 82 In addition, epidermal barrier defects triggered by environmental factors have been shown in patients with AD, as evidenced by increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL), defective bioelectric impedance of the epidermis, and ameliorated e