Emotional intensity produces a linear relationship on conditioned learning but an inverted U-shaped effect on episodic memory.

In the LI group, an extinction source memory bias (the bias to attribute more CS + than CS − to the extinction phase) was negatively related to selective enhancement in LI for items encoded in preconditioning ( t (198) = −4.27, P < 0.001), conditioning ( t (198) = −3.07, P = 0.003) and marginally significant in extinction ( t (198) = −1.92, P = 0.056).

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Yet, nonaversive conditioning led to selective memory enhancements for the CS + , including exemplars encoded after conditioning that were never paired with a tone, and a trend toward significance for CS + exemplars encoded before (retroactive) conditioning.

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