Associations between non-insulin-based insulin resistance indices and diabetic nephropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus in US adults: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 1999-2018.

After adjusting for several potential confounding variables, including gender, age, race, education, marital status, family PIR, smoking habits, drinking status, physical activity level, hypertension, CHD, stroke, and cancer, The analyses revealed that the four IR indices (METS-IR, TyG, TG/HDL, and TyG-BMI) were not only highly significant overall correlations with DN risk (all p -values for overall < 0.001) but also exhibited an evident nonlinear character ( p -values for nonlinear 0.038, < 0.001, 0.001, 0.039, respectively).

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