Pharmacodynamic Model of the Hemodynamic Effects of Propofol and Remifentanil and Their Interaction with Noxious Stimulation.

Although studies have demonstrated the vasodilator effect of remifentanil both in vivo and in vitro [ 38 , 39 ], its impact seems to be limited regionally to the site of injection [ 38 ], and its impact on MAP may be significant primarily in critically ill patients [ 37 ].

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However, it is also possible that the magnitude of these stimuli may not be significant enough to provoke a hemodynamic response, at least in the context of unconsciousness.

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