Review on Gallium in Coal and Coal Waste Materials: Exploring Strategies for Hydrometallurgical Metal Recovery.

Gallium recovery from coal gangue calcined at 550 °C generally ranged from 50% to 75% and demonstrated a decreasing trend with increasing leaching temperature (80–170 °C), leaching time (0.5–2 h), and liquid-to-solid ratio (3–6).

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In contrast, the gallium distribution in the Danville Coal showed asymmetric changes: in the Farmersburg Mine, the lowest concentrations were observed in the topmost benches, with an increasing trend toward the bottom of the seam, whereas in the Air Quality Mine, the opposite pattern was identified, with the lowest concentrations at the bottom and the highest at the topmost part.

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