highly significantp < 0.0001
A highly significant reduction in the levels of TNF‐α was also noted at Day 3 ( p < 0.0001) for the hGFs secretome group in comparison to the control groups.
A highly significant reduction in the levels of TNF‐α was also noted at Day 3 ( p < 0.0001) for the hGFs secretome group in comparison to the control groups.
In vitro results indicated that the EV treatment produced a significant 2‐fold increase in the proportion of mNVCM entering the M phase ( p < 0.05) whilst there was a positive trend increase for mNVCM re‐entering the cell cycle for the CM treatment in comparison to the controls.
Moreover, the levels of αSMA and pro‐inflammatory IL‐4 expression indicated a decreasing trend whilst MMP‐2 expression in the pulmonary tissue indicated an increasing trend for LSC‐derived secretome in comparison to the PBS control.