Age-period-cohort analysis of gallbladder and biliary diseases epidemiological trends from 1990 to 2021 and forecasts for 2035: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2021.

BMC Gastroenterol · 2025 · PMC11715995 · PMID 39780071

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

an increasing trendno p-value reported

Regarding percentage change, an annual drift exceeding 0.0% indicates an increasing trend, whereas a drift below 0.0% suggests a decreasing trend.

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