close to significancep = 0.058
Specifically, the subgroups analysis showed that the effect size for the 8 studies that used delayed intake was significant ( g = 0.30, 95% CI: [0.08–0.53], p = 0.008) while the average effect size for the 21 studies that used immediate intake was close to significance, ( g = 0.10, 95% CI: [0.00–0.20], p = 0.058).