Response of Pedunculate Oak (<i>Quercus robur</i> L.) to Adverse Environmental Conditions in Genetic and Dendrochronological Studies.

In the northern part of Eastern Europe, a weak trend from east to west was observed based on nuclear markers, in contrast to the chloroplast DNA data, which revealed a sharp distinction between the populations in the eastern Russian Plain and Urals and those in the western regions due to the absence of shared haplotypes.

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petraea trees genotyped with the same 381 polymorphic markers (356 nuclear SNPs, three nuclear InDels, 17 chloroplast SNPs, and five mitochondrial SNPs), a strong spatial pattern with a highly significant autocorrelation up to a range of 1250 km was found for both organelle and nuclear markers [ 106 ].

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