Timing of risk factors, prodromal features, and comorbidities of dementia from a large health claims case-control study.

The OR for sleep disorders was increased at all time points, with an increasing trend from 10 to 1 year before the index date for insomnia and other sleeping disorders and a decreasing trend for restless legs syndrome and sleep apnea (Table 4 , Fig. 2 b).

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The OR of gastrointestinal disorders was increased in all periods, with stable effects for Crohn’s disease, duodenal ulcer, reflux, and gastric ulcer; a slightly increasing trend for gastritis; and a slightly decreasing trend for ulcerative colitis (Table 4 , Supplementary Fig. 2a).

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The OR for sleep disorders was increased at all time points, with an increasing trend from 10 to 1 year before the index date for insomnia and other sleeping disorders and a decreasing trend for restless legs syndrome and sleep apnea (Table 4 , Fig. 2 b).

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