highly significantp < 0.000
However the pooled regression model exhibits potential biases by failing to consider hierarchical effects, evidenced by elevated coefficients for variables. In Table 7 , the ML model exhibits a robust model fit, evidenced by a highly significant Wald chi-square statistic (1439.560, p < 0.000) and a low residual variance (0.023 with a standard error of 0.001), signifying that the model significantly accounts for variability in the data.