Characteristics and spatiotemporal changes in phenotypes and genotypes of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Escherichia coli isolated from bloodstream infections in China from 2014 to 2021.

Significantly, a decreasing trend in resistance levels was observed over the study period for most antibiotics, including cefoxitin (from 19.5 to 9.2%), aztreonam (from 42.2 to 30.2%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (from 26.9 to 19.5%), piperacillin/tazobactam (from 12.3 to 7%), gentamicin (44–35.3%), ciprofloxacin (65.7–58.1%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (60.8–52.4%) and cephalosporins (Table 1 ).

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