Chemical evolution characteristics and influencing factors of groundwater in the saline and fresh water funnel area in Hengshui City, North China.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC11762273 · PMID 39863721

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

1 2 Results Temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of groundwater chemistry Time evolution of groundwater hydrochemical components From 2016 to 2020, the TDS concentration in the western shallow freshwater funnel area of groundwater exhibited a decreasing trend.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

From 2016 to 2020, TDS in the eastern shallow saline water funnel area showed an increasing trend, the concentrations of Na + , Mg 2+ , SO and HCO increased, while the concentrations of Ca 2+ and Cl − decreased.

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