a trend toward significancep = 0.0652
showed a trendp = 0.0652
Protein carbonyl showed a trend toward significance (HR, 2.92; 95% CI, 0.94–9.11; p = 0.0652), while other biomarkers, including F2-isoprostanes, 4-HNE, MDA, and 8-OHdG, did not show significant associations with AD conversion.