Understanding the Impacts of Surgical Drains on Postoperative Pain and Quality of Life.

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open · 2025 · PMC11771670 · PMID 39872083

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0520

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.0520

boldest claim

The sentences

trending toward significanceP = 0.052so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

After 1 week, pain scale ratings at the incision site (mean = 3.59) and drain site (mean = 3.56) were higher than the body/chest wall (mean = 3.37), with differences trending toward significance ( P = 0.052).

also in 131 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.