Ionic silver coating of orthopedic implants may impair osteogenic differentiation and mineralization.

However, the alizarin red staining intensity showed a decreasing trend with increasing Ag + concentration, and the lowest signal was found at 1.5 ppm; however, no statistically significant differences were found.

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While hMSC cultures exhibited an increasing trend in osteogenic marker expression over the first week, followed by a gradual decrease, hOB cultures tended to increase osteogenic marker expression.

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