A hybrid path planning algorithm combining A<i>*</i> and improved ant colony optimization with dynamic window approach for enhancing energy efficiency in warehouse environments.

umentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} $2.1193 \times {10^{ - 30}}$\end{document} 2.1193 × 10 − 30 , indicating a highly significant effect of the algorithm on Time.

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