In vitro, ex vivo, instrumental and clinical evaluation of a topical cream on the signs of periorbital ageing.

Int J Cosmet Sci · 2025 · PMC11788005 · PMID 39119663

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0850

closest p · 1.7× alpha

0.0850

boldest claim

The sentences

at the limit of significancep = 0.085so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Kojic acid (10.9 ± 2.9 μg of melanin per explant) decreased melanin, as expected, compared to the untreated control (14.2 ± 1.4 μg), but this decrease was at the limit of significance ( p = 0.085).

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