Seasonal spatial-temporal trends of vegetation recovery in burned areas across Africa.

Consistent with the overall trend, the area exhibiting an increasing trend in NDVI values ( p < 0.05) within forested regions had the highest proportion in MAM, with 19.9% in the Northern Hemisphere and 20.6% in the Southern Hemisphere.

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Despite this, in recent years, some research has reported a decreasing trend of fires in Africa [ 13 – 16 ], and this has been specifically associated with population growth, agricultural expansion, and land-use changes, especially in the Northern Hemisphere [ 13 ].

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