Pre-existing IgG antibodies to HCoVs NL63 and OC43 Spike increased during the pandemic and after COVID-19 vaccination.

Heliyon · 2025 · PMC11795784 · PMID 39916832

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0800

closest p · 1.6× alpha

0.0800

boldest claim

The sentences

an increasing trendp = 0.08so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

IgG titers to HCoV-NL63 showed an increasing trend between the PPC and HC 2021 groups (p = 0.08), but this was not significantly different.

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