a statistical trendp = 0.050
In this sense, paired individuals showed higher levels of LTMO in prepandemic context (study 1 and study 2) (M = 5.64, SE = 0.08) compared to face-to-face panstudy (M = 4.93, SE = 0.11; mean differences = 0.71, SE = 0.13, p < 0.001) and a statistical trend was found for the online panstudy (M = 5.29, SE = 0.12; mean differences = 0.36, SE = 0.15, p = 0.050).