The magnitude of surgery (OR 3.9, 95% CI, 1.4–10.6, p = 0.008 for major surgery; OR 3.6, 95% CI, 1.5–9.0, p = 0.005 for medium surgery) and total intravenous crystalloids (in litres) (OR 1.4, 95% CI, 1.1–1.7, p = 0.012) were considerably significant risk factors.
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