Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) on Selected Surgeries in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department incurred by Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya  Yojana (AB-PMJAY), Private Health Insurance and Uninsured Patients in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Karnataka state of India.

been confirmed. 23 Obstetrics and gynaecology patients patients from low-income households face financial obstacles that delay their timely access to healthcare facilities, thereby contributing to unfavourable outcomes and influencing MMR. 24 , 25 Understanding and addressing OOPE is highly significant, as they have a substantial influence on MMR, particularly for obstetrics and gynaecology patients patients from socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.

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