Determination of the relationship between the numbers of Linepithema humile (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on irrigation pipes and tree trunks to facilitate automated monitoring in Southern California citrus orchards.

However, chi-square test results showed a marginal significance for all columns combined ( χ 2 = 8.68; df = 3; P = 0.034) but not for ants on irrigation pipes ( χ 2 = 4.05; df = 3; P = 0.256) and ants in column 1 ( χ 2 = 7.37; df = 3; P = 0.061) with respect to time of day when counts were made.

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Second, visual ant counts on irrigation pipes were highly significant when classifying ant infestations as moderate or high on trunks.

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