Water and nitrogen regulation strategy for wolfberry farmland based on nitrogen balance in the Yellow River irrigation districts of Gansu Province, China.

3 Results 3.1 Nitrogen inputs in wolfberry farmland under varying water and nitrogen regulations Water, nitrogen and their interactions had highly significant effects ( P < 0.01) on the nitrogen content of irrigation water ( Figure 3A ) and total nitrogen input ( Figure 3B ).

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Overall, the total soil N 2 O emissions under various water and nitrogen treatments ranged from 0.86–4.46 kg·ha −1 , demonstrating an increasing trend with higher levels of irrigation and nitrogen application.

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The total nitrogen output in wolfberry farmland exhibited a decreasing trend with reduced irrigation and nitrogen application levels, with the W3N1 treatment recording the lowest total nitrogen output at 200.39 kg·ha −1 .

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