highly significantp < 0.05
Species differences in different groups The multiple groups’ significant difference test illustrated in Figure 4A reveals that Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003 , Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004 , Tyzzerella , and other genera, demonstrated statistically significant or highly significant differences in average relative abundance across the five groups ( p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.0001).