Cost of illness of Heart Valve Diseases (HVDs): A real-world analysis in Italy.

Glob Reg Health Technol Assess · 2025 · PMC11848861 · PMID 39996092

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

In Italy, indirect costs related to cardiovascular diseases are estimated to be around €4.5 billion annually, with an increasing trend over time ( 19 ).

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