Effect of opioid sparing strategies on postoperative pain and perioperative hemodynamics in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled study.

BMC Anesthesiol · 2025 · PMC11849303 · PMID 39994531

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

The individual effects analysis of time showed that the VAS scores of the three groups of patients at different time points were statistically significant (Wald X 2 time = 313.96, P < 0.001), and showed a decreasing trend at different postoperative time points.

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