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CTDNN-Spoof: compact tiny deep learning architecture for detection and multi-label classification of GPS spoofing attacks in small UAVs.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC11850908 · PMID 39994281

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a positive trendno p-value reported
The validation accuracy shows a positive trend, starting at 0.9478 and reaching 0.9519 by the tenth epoch.

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a notable trendno p-value reported
Across the epochs, there is a notable trend of decreasing validation loss, indicating an improvement in the model’s ability to minimize errors. validation accuracy is increasing, reaching 0.9554 by the tenth epoch.

also in 2,380 other papers

a decreasing trendno p-value reported
Subsequent epochs showed a decreasing trend in validation loss, reaching 0.0051 in the tenth epoch, indicating an enhanced ability to minimize errors during training.

also in 47,180 other papers

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