Psychophysiological effects of music on sadness in participants with and without depressive symptoms.

BMC Complement Med Ther · 2025 · PMC11863932 · PMID 40011873

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0800

closest p · 1.6× alpha

0.0800

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantP = 0.08so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The group difference in SDNN was marginally significant, and the depressed group showed lower SDNN than the non-depressed group ( t = − 1.73, P = 0.08; Cohen’s d = − 0.26, 95% CI [− 0.54, 0.04]).

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